The central state of the ancient Egyptians

Egypt was not just a group of shepherds that depended on tribal rule. We are talking about a high-level state with judicial and executive powers surrounded by a primitive era. Nations followed its path until our time, and the nations learned sophistication and central administration.

We find at the head of the state (the ruler) who is responsible for all the main departments, ministries and public administration

He was always accompanied by two bearers of the royal seals, and they supervised the bilateral treasury (Upper and Lower Egypt).

The main administration was followed by the property records offices that were necessary to deposit and preserve documents

In addition to the presence of a governor for each province and province (governors), and one of their roles was to supervise irrigation, build canals, and take care of their maintenance. One of the titles of the province’s governor was (Ezz Omar), which means (supervisor of canals digging), as well as conducting a census every two years and measuring the height of the Nile annually to estimate the country’s wealth

The employment system was based on appointment by decree, and one of them started with the profession of a clerk and then fluctuated in several administrative jobs specified by law.

Then he is appointed by another decree to carry out an administrative work and is called the viceroy, first in the village and then in the city, then he has the right later to occupy the most important positions of government, either as governor of a province or director of one of the main government departments or secretary of the king ... etc.

In addition to the role of the minister, who was the supreme head of the Egyptian administration and was assisted in his work by the head of the delegation, he was the one who carried the minister’s orders and put before him all the reports on the interests of the provinces

The minister also supervised the royal records that kept important tools such as royal decrees, contracts and wills

As well as scribes, whose job was desirable in all eras of Egypt’s history, where scribes performed many functions, including: recording all the king’s orders, recording all judicial decisions, recording religious texts, recording court decisions, recording census operations, correspondence and royal documents

And besides them the judiciary, there were courts in every province and the administration of petitions (complaints).

And a main administration of justice, impartial investigators, the functions of the family court, and the law of punishments, even those close to and supervision, so they had a special court.